| Renaissance | Later Middle Ages
|
Ideal: - Virtù – Renaissance Man should be well-rounded (Castaglione)
| Ideal: - Man is well-versed in one subject.
|
Religion: - The state is supreme to the church.
- "New Monarchs" assert power over national churches.
- Reformation
- Rise of skepticism
- Renaissance popes worldly and corrupt
| Religion: - Dominated politics; sought unified Christian Europe.
- Church is supreme to the state.
- Inquisition started in 1223; dissenters dealt with harshly
|
Sculpture: - Greek and Roman classical influences.
- Use of bronze (Donatello)
| Sculpture: - More gothic; extremely detailed.
|
Art: - Increased emphasis on secular themes.
- Classic Greek and Roman ideals.
- Use of perspective.
- Chiaroscuro
- Increased use of oil paints.
- Brighter colors
- More emotion
- Real people and settings depicted.
- Patronized largely by merchant princes
- Renaissance popes patronized renaissance art
| Art: - Gothic style
- Byzantine style dominates; nearly totally religious.
- Stiff, 1-dimentional figures.
- Less emotion
- Use of gold to illuminate figures.
- Lack of perspective.
- Lack of chiaroscuro
- Patronized mostly by the church
|
Architecture: - Rounded arches, clear lines.
- Less detailed
- Focus on balance and form
| Architecture: - Gothic style
- Pointed arches
- Elaborate detail
|
Literature: - More secular
- Vernacular
- Covered wider variety of subjects (politics, art, short stories)
- Humanism
- Focused on the individual
- Imitated ancient Greek and Roman literature.
- Increased use of printing press; propaganda
| Literature: - Based almost solely on religion.
- Written in Latin
- Church was greatest patron of arts and literature.
- Little political criticism.
- Hand-written
|
Technology: - Use of printing press
- New inventions for exploration
| Technology: |
Marriage and Family: - Divorce available in certain cases
- More prostitution
- Marriages based more on romance.
- Woman was to make herself pleasing to the man (Castaglione)
- Sexual double standard
- Increased infanticide
| Marriage and Family: - Divorce nonexistent
- Marriages arranged for economic reasons.
- Prostitution in urban areas
- Ave. age for men: mid-late twenties
- Avg. age for women: less than 20 years old.
- Church encouraged cult of paternal care.
- Many couples did not observe church regulations on marriage.
- Manners shaped men to please women.
- Relative sexual equality
|
Status of Women: - Legal status of women declined.
- Most women not affected by Renaissance
- Educated women allowed involvement but subservient to men.
- Rape not considered serious crime.
| Status of Women:
|
Politics: - State is supreme over the church.
- New Monarchs assert control over national churches.
- Machiavelli
| Politics: - Church is supreme over the state.
|
| African slavery introduced. | Few blacks lived in Europe. |
| Exploration and expansion. | Crusades |
